An Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge and Management of Gestational Diabetes in Plateau State Specialist Hospital
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Background of the Study
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy, characterized by glucose intolerance that can lead to complications for both mother and child. GDM increases the risk of maternal hypertension, preterm birth, and fetal macrosomia, while also predisposing both mother and baby to type 2 diabetes later in life (International Diabetes Federation [IDF], 2024). Proper management of GDM, including blood glucose monitoring, dietary adjustments, physical activity, and, in some cases, insulin therapy, is essential to ensuring positive pregnancy outcomes (Akinola et al., 2023).
Nurses play a crucial role in the early detection, education, and management of gestational diabetes. They provide guidance on nutrition, assist in glucose monitoring, and support pregnant women in making lifestyle modifications that reduce pregnancy-related risks (Eze & Bello, 2024). However, studies have shown that nurses' knowledge and skills in managing GDM vary, leading to inconsistencies in patient care and adherence to best practices (Olawale et al., 2023).
In Plateau State Specialist Hospital, the level of nurses’ knowledge and competency in managing GDM remains unclear. Given the rising prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy, it is essential to assess nurses' preparedness and identify areas requiring improvement to enhance patient care and maternal health outcomes.
Statement of the Problem
Gestational diabetes, if not properly managed, can result in serious maternal and neonatal complications, including preeclampsia, birth trauma, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Despite the increasing prevalence of GDM, many healthcare facilities struggle with effective screening and management due to gaps in nurses’ knowledge and adherence to clinical guidelines (Ogunyemi & Yusuf, 2024).
At Plateau State Specialist Hospital, the extent of nurses' knowledge and their role in managing GDM remains largely unexplored. Without adequate training and awareness, nurses may be unable to provide effective guidance to pregnant women, increasing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to assess nurses’ knowledge of GDM and evaluate their management practices, identifying gaps and suggesting improvements in clinical training.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess nurses' knowledge of gestational diabetes and its risk factors at Plateau State Specialist Hospital.
- To evaluate the practices of nurses in managing gestational diabetes among pregnant women.
- To identify challenges nurses face in managing and educating patients about gestational diabetes.
Research Questions
- What is the level of nurses' knowledge regarding gestational diabetes and its risk factors?
- How do nurses manage gestational diabetes among pregnant women?
- What challenges do nurses face in the management of gestational diabetes?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses at Plateau State Specialist Hospital have adequate knowledge of gestational diabetes and its risk factors.
- Nurses effectively implement gestational diabetes management strategies.
- Various factors, including resource limitations and lack of training, impact nurses' ability to manage gestational diabetes.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on nurses working in obstetrics, antenatal, and endocrinology units at Plateau State Specialist Hospital. Data collection will include surveys, interviews, and clinical case assessments. Limitations may include differences in nurses’ experience with GDM cases and patient willingness to participate in the study.
Definitions of Terms
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): A type of diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that affects blood glucose regulation.
- Maternal-Fetal Complications: Health risks affecting both mother and child due to uncontrolled gestational diabetes.
- Blood Glucose Monitoring: The process of regularly measuring blood sugar levels to manage diabetes.
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